The disadvantages of estrogen replacement therapy, however, are as numerous as its advantages. Side effects can include nausea, headaches, breast swelling, and mood swings. ERT may increase the risk of uterine and/or ovarian cancer as well as the chances of developing gallbladder disease and high blood pressure, although in some cases the hormone may actually result in lowered blood pressure.
As I’ve mentioned, some women should never use estrogen because it can aggravate an existing medical condition. For instance, women with a history of clotting problems, liver disease, breast or uterine cancer, or high blood pressure should refrain from ERT.
Progesterone is a hormone that is frequently used in conjunction with estrogen replacement therapy, though it is sometimes prescribed by itself to treat hot flashes in women who cannot tolerate estrogen because of a preexisting health problem. When it is used in combination with estrogen, progesterone can help reduce the side effects of estrogen. Progesterone is available in pills and capsules as well as intramuscular injections. The side effects of progesterone include breast swelling, abdominal bloating, acne, headaches, and mood swings. And while estrogen reduces the risk of coronary disease, progesterone actually increases it because it decreases HDL cholesterol in the body and increases the LDL cholesterol.
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